Newcomen steam engine, 1747.

Newcomen steam engine, 1747. Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) designed his atmospheric or 'steam' engine in 1712. Water was heated in the boiler and the resulting steam was let into the cylinder, pushing up the piston. The steam was then condensed, bringing down the piston. The piston rocked the beam which worked the pump. It was safer and more effective than the earlier Savery engine and was widely used to drain water out of mines. From The Universal Magazine, London, 1747, based on Beighton's 1717 engraving of engine at the Griff mine near Nuneaton, Warwickshire. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)